Sound is a longitudinal mechanical wave that can travel through almost any medium. Sound is a vibration in pressure. Sound waves consist of compressions and rarefractions. Compressions are a region of a increased pressure on a sound wave. Rarefractions are a region of decreased pressure on a sound wave.
The doppler effect is based on sound. As a vehicle with a siren moves closer the frequency increases and the pitch gets higher. As the vehicle passes you, the frequency decreases as a result, the pitch gets lower. The doppler affect can be true for other things like boats, bikes and balls.
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